{"id":19,"date":"2022-06-22T02:33:26","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T02:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/?page_id=19"},"modified":"2022-11-26T20:34:50","modified_gmt":"2022-11-26T20:34:50","slug":"introduction-to-codes-and-standards","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/introduction-to-codes-and-standards\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to Codes and Standards"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"19\" class=\"elementor elementor-19\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2bc03464 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2bc03464\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49dbe624\" data-id=\"49dbe624\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e98653b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e98653b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>What are codes and standards? Where do they come from? How are they made? This module provides essential background information designed to introduce students to the world of voluntary codes and standards. It can be used as a stand-alone lesson or as a supplement or introduction to one of the other course modules. These materials have been prepared by Cary Coglianese, the Edward B. Shils Professor of Law and Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania and the Director of the Penn Program on Regulation.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Applicable courses:<\/strong>\u00a0Any course where the instructor is introducing students to voluntary codes and standards.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Teaching guide: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/08\/Coglianese-Introduction-VCS-Teaching-Guide.pdf\">Cary Coglianese, Introduction to Voluntary Codes and Standards: A Teaching Guide and Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>PowerPoint presentation:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/08\/Intro-to-VCS-Slides.pptx\">Cary Coglianese, Introduction to Voluntary Codes and Standards<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Handout:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/08\/VCS-Handout.pdf\">Cary Coglianese, A Primer on Voluntary Codes and Standards<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Article for Instructors:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3914987\">Cary Coglianese &amp; Caroline Raschbaum, <em>Teaching Voluntary Codes and Standards to Law Students<\/em>, 71 Admin. L. Rev. 307 (2019)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Overview Essay:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2022\/08\/22\/coglianese-reed-laws-interaction-with-voluntary-codes-and-standards\/\">Cary Coglianese &amp; Angel Reed, <em>Law&#8217;s Interaction with Voluntary Codes and Standards<\/em>, Regul. Rev. (Aug. 22, 2022)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09ed75c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09ed75c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6df8d9a\" data-id=\"6df8d9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e39f67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"4e39f67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-8201\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-8201\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Videos (YouTube):<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-8201\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-8201\"><ul>\n<li><strong><em>Gordon Gillerman\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Director, Standards Coordination Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce)<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1jUKTa9Pm2s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What are voluntary codes and standards?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/mdvP9asSja8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is conformity assessment?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KViYfv3EuqE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How are standards different than regulations?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/SMjlEG8hrdo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why are standards important?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Travis Murdock<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Manager, Technical Committee Operations, ASTM International)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Gqpx3E9AW2I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is ASTM, and what does it do?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/jQbMiYmTBfM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Can you describe the process by which ASTM develops standards?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/D9WDdzQIP1Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What else does ASTM do other than develop standards?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/T6mNBOpW4Jc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Where do the ideas for standards come from?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ju90ah-_Vg4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is the relationship between ASTM standards and government regulations?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/w-D0Wq-sWVI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why should future lawyers learn about the world of standards?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Nathan Osburn<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(Director, Corporate Communications, ASTM International)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/HVfpgU0fw2A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Can you give an example of an ASTM standard?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5zVEvbybH7I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How are voluntary consensus standards made?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9EOdGDWmiaI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How many standards has ASTM developed?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YSAKuuIAQv4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How do standards differ from government regulations?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/iagEe-b-ams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What value do organizations like ASTM provide to society?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/oBDtyVcH7Eo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why should law students and lawyers learn more about standards?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Mary Saunders<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(Vice President, Government Relations and Public Policy, American National Standards Institute [ANSI])\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/lF9Zm3wde4Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What are some examples of voluntary consensus standards?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vbXmb_JBvk0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How do private standards differ from government regulations?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GLItjIIv1yk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What are the advantages and disadvantages of private standards versus government regulations?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/fwdBDIXLqrE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ARqDMFD6r5w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How does ANSI accredit standard developers?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/NdcV2H6qz0s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How do ANSI\u2019s Essential Requirements compare with the guidelines in OMB\u2019s Circular A-119?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BRk17ubLHBA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What does \u201cconsensus\u201d mean in the development of a voluntary consensus standard?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5TQDuDFm8Zw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is an American National Standard?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Sara Yerkes<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(Senior Vice President, Government Relations, International Code Council)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Clt91V6P3ws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why should the public care about codes and standards?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8PS6SIlh3F8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is the difference between a code and a standard?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/aZB0r-HDoeM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is the International Code Council?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LNcysigmX6E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How does the ICC interact with other standards developers and regulators?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dCIdfRfUOA8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What role do private-sector organizations play in the development of ICC codes?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wQp-pb5wJng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why should law students know about voluntary codes and standards?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-8202\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-8202\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Additional Resources:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-8202\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-8202\"><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ansi.org\/news\/standards-news\/all-news\/2022\/11\/11-8-22-qa-with-robert-s-adler-reflections-of-an-unapologetic-safety-regulator\">American National Standards Institute, <em>Q&amp;A with Robert S. Adler: Reflections of an Unapologetic Safety Regulator<\/em> (2022)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Jeremy Bagott, Dispatches from the Cosmic Cobra Breeding Farm (2019).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2127288\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Emily Bremer, <\/span><em>Incorporation by Reference in an Open-Government Age<\/em><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">, 36 Harv. J.L. &amp; Pub. Pol\u2019y 131 (2013)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2495082\">Emily Bremer, <em>On the Cost of Private Standards in Public Law<\/em>, 63 Kan. L. Rev. 279 (2015)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3420870\">Emily S. Bremer, <em>Technical Standards Meet Administrative Law: A Teaching Guide on Incorporation by Reference<\/em>, 72 Admin. L. Rev. 315-352 (2019)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Nils Brunsson and Bengt Jacobsson, A World of Standards (Rev<\/span>ised ed. 2002).<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Tim B\u00fcthe &amp; Walter Mattli, The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy<\/span> (2011).<\/li>\n<li>Tim B\u00fcthe &amp; Walter Mattli, <em>International Standards and Standard-Setting Bodies in <\/em>The Oxford Handbook of Business and Government 440-471 (David Coen, Graham Wilson, and Wyn Grant eds., 2010).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/publishing.cdlib.org\/ucpressebooks\/view?docId=ft8f59p27j&amp;brand=ucpress\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Ross E. Cheit, Setting Safety Standards: Regulation in the Public and Private Sectors (19<\/span>90)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.law.uw.edu\/wlr\/vol78\/iss2\/7\/\">Katie M. Colendich, <em>Who Owns \u201cthe Law\u201d? The Effect on Copyrights When Privately Authored Works are Adopted or Enacted by Reference into Law<\/em>, 78 Wash. L. Rev. 589 (2003)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3775088\">Cary Coglianese, <em>Environmental Soft Law as a Governance Strategy<\/em>, 61 Jurimetrics 19 (2020)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2019\/11\/04\/coglianese-private-standards-public-governance\/\">Cary Coglianese, <em>Private Standards and Public Governance<\/em>, Regul. Rev. (Nov. 4, 2019), https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2019\/11\/04\/coglianese-private-standards-public-governance\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3598264\">Cary Coglianese &amp; Jennifer Nash, <em>Compliance Management Systems: Do They Make a Difference? in<\/em>\u00a0Cambridge Handbook of Compliance, (D. Daniel Sokol &amp; Benjamin van Rooij eds., 2021)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3914987\">Cary Coglianese &amp; Caroline Raschbaum, <em>Teaching Voluntary Codes and Standards to Law Students<\/em>, 72 Admin. L. Rev. 307 (2019)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3409436\">Cary Coglianese &amp; Gabriel Scheffler, <em>Private Standards and the Benzene Case: A Teaching Guide<\/em>, 72 Admin. L. Rev. 353-390 (2019)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Jorge Contreras, ed., ABA Comm on Tech. Standardization, Standards Development Patent Policy Manual (20<\/span>07).<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Jorge Contreras, ed., The Cambridge Handbook of Technical Standardization Law: Vol. 2 \u2013 Further Intersections of Public and Private Law (20<\/span>19).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2907472\">Jorge L. Contreras, <em>From Private Ordering to Public Law: The Legal Framework Governing Standards-Essential Patents<\/em>,\u00a0<\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">30 Harv. J.L. &amp; Tech. 211-231 (2017).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eastwestcenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/private\/ps066_0.pdf\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Dieter Ernst, America\u2019s Voluntary Standards System: A \u2018Best Practice\u2019 Model for Asian Innovation Policies? (2013)<\/span><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acus.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/1978-04%20Federal%20Agency%20Interaction%20with%20Private%20Standard-Setting%20Organizations%20in%20Health%20and%20Safety%20Regulation.pdf\">Robert W. Hamilton, <em>The Role of Nongovernmental Standards in the Development of Mandatory Federal Standards Affecting Safety or Health<\/em>, 56 Tex. L. Rev. 1329 (1978)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/business-and-politics\/article\/private-standards-in-the-climate-regime-the-greenhouse-gas-protocol\/0351883B132F7D44D3FC51536A1C1716\">Jessica F. Green, Private Standards in the Climate Regime: The Greenhouse Gas Protocol, 12 Bus. and Pol. 1 (2010)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/A_Public_Role_for_the_Private_Sector.html?id=TxKNYxTRA-cC\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Virginia Haufler, A Public Role for the <\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Private<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"> Sector: Industry Self-Regulation in a Global Economy (20<\/span>01)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Samuel Krislov, How Nations Choose Product Standards and Standards Change Nations (19<\/span>97).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2315253\">Lesley K. McAllister, <em>Harnessing Private Regulation<\/em>, 3 Mich. J. Envtl. &amp; Admin. L. 291-419 (2014)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/articles\/887\/\">Nina A. Mendelson<em>, Private Control over Access to Public Law: The Perplexing Federal Regulatory Use of Private Standards<\/em>, 112 Mich. L. Rev. 737 (2014)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Craig N. Murphy and Joanne Yates, The International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Global Governance Through Voluntary Consensus (20<\/span>09).<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nap.nationalacademies.org\/catalog\/4921\/standards-conformity-assessment-and-trade-into-the-21st-century\">National Research Council, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century (1995)<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/PLAW-104publ113\/pdf\/PLAW-104publ113.pdf\">National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995, Pub. L. No. 104-113, 110 Stat. 775<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/01\/27\/2016-01606\/revision-of-omb-circular-no-a-119-federal-participation-in-the-development-and-use-of-voluntary\">OMB Circular A-119: Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities (notice of availability published at 81 Fed. Reg. 4673 (Jan. 27, 2016))<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=NP-XwNV85ggC&amp;printsec=copyright#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">Stephen M. Spivak, and F. Cecil Brenner, Standardization Essentials: Principles and Practice (2018)<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/trade\/international-standards-and-trade_5kmdbg9xktwg-en\">G.M. Peter Swann, <em>International Standards and Trade: A Review of the Empirical Literature<\/em>, OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 97, OECD Publishing, Paris, (2010), https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/trade\/international-standards-and-trade_5kmdbg9xktwg-en<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/319935717_The_Roles_and_Impacts_of_Technical_Standards_on_Economic_Growth_and_Implications_for_Innovation_Policy\">Gregory Tassey, <em>The Roles and Impacts of Technical Standards on Economic Growth and Implications for Innovation Policy<\/em>, 1 Annals Sci. &amp; Tech. Pol\u2019y 215 (2017)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/epdf\/10.1146\/annurev.polisci.11.053106.141706\">David Vogel, <em>Private Global Business Regulation<\/em>, 11 Ann. Rev. Pol. Sci. 261 (2008)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">JoAnne Yates &amp; Craig N. Murphy, Engineering Rules: Global Standard Setting Since 1880 (20<\/span>19).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">* * *<\/p>\n<p><em>In addition to the above sources, several symposia have featured extensive discussion of issues and exchange of ideas related to voluntary codes and standards, including:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yalejreg.com\/topic\/symposium-on-joanne-yates-and-craig-n-murphys-engineering-rules\/\">S<em>ymposium on Joanne Yates and Craig N. Murphy\u2019s &#8220;Engineering Rules,&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0Notice &amp; Comment (2019), https:\/\/www.yalejreg.com\/topic\/symposium-on-joanne-yates-and-craig-n-murphys-engineering-rules\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2015\/01\/26\/series-incorporation-by-reference\/\"><em>Incorporating Private Standards into Public Regulations<\/em>, Regul. Rev. (2015), https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2015\/01\/26\/series-incorporation-by-reference\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2013\/10\/14\/continuing-debate-over-regulatory-incorporation\/\"><em>The Continuing Debate Over Regulatory Incorporation<\/em>, Regul. Rev. (2013), https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2013\/10\/14\/continuing-debate-over-regulatory-incorporation\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2013\/07\/02\/regulating-by-reference\/\"><em>Regulating by Reference<\/em>, Regul. Rev. (2013), https:\/\/www.theregreview.org\/2013\/07\/02\/regulating-by-reference\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Applicable courses:\u00a0Any course where the instructor is introducing students to voluntary codes and standards. Materials: Teaching guide: Cary Coglianese, Introduction to Voluntary Codes and Standards: A Teaching Guide and Resources PowerPoint presentation:\u00a0Cary Coglianese, Introduction to Voluntary Codes and Standards Handout:\u00a0Cary Coglianese, A Primer on Voluntary Codes and Standards Article for Instructors:\u00a0Cary Coglianese &amp; Caroline Raschbaum, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}