{"id":35,"date":"2022-06-22T03:00:39","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T03:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/?page_id=35"},"modified":"2025-06-12T20:32:18","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T20:32:18","slug":"reading-room","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/reading-room\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading Room"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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General Background Materials on Codes and Standards<\/h2>\n\n

If you are interested in learning more about voluntary codes and standards, the following materials and websites provide additional background information.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Compilation of standards from U.S. and international standards developers (ANSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Directory of standards developing organizations (ANSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Historical perspective of codes and standards (NFPA)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

How a standard gets created infographic (ASTM)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Incorporation by reference (IBR) Handbook (Federal Register)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Library of indexed abstracts for scholarly articles on standards (Consortium Info)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

List of standards development organizations (Consortium Info)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

List of accredited standards developers (ANSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995<\/a><\/p>\n

Standards Boost Business (ANSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Standards education and training (ANSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Overview of codes and standards (ASNT)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Portal with standards incorporated by reference in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (ANSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Publications of SES – The Society for Standardization Professionals<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Q&A with Robert S. Adler: Reflections of an Unapologetic Safety Regulator (ANSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Resources on standards development (ISO)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Resources on standards and measurement (NIST)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Standards incorporated by reference database (NIST)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Sports, leisure and standards cartoon (ASTM)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Standards: Industry & Academia, Public and Government (NIST)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

The Standards Blog (Consortium Info)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

U.S. Policy Documents on Use of Industry Standards (NIST)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n

Selected Standard-Setting Organizations<\/h2>\n\n

Standard-setting organizations develop, amend and deliver voluntary standards ready for adoption and implementation. The organizations listed below are some major code and standard development organizations. For more comprehensive references, you can refer to the U.S. government\u2019s\u00a0list of standard-developing organizations<\/a>\u00a0or to the\u00a0ANSI Standards Portal website<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

African Organization for Standardization (ARSO)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Codex Alimentarius Commission<\/a><\/p>\n\n

European Committee for Standardization (CEN)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

International Code Council (ICC)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAMPO)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n

National Institute of Justice (NIJ)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n

Related Curricular Resources<\/h2>\n\n

Other institutions have developed course material and gathered information on codes and standards. Below are links to related curricular resources.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

ANSI, Online courses about standards and conformity assessment<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Northwestern University, Strategic Standards Management<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Northwestern University, Data on Technology Standards<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Northwestern University, Innovation Economics Working Papers<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Purdue University, Online Standards Education<\/a><\/p>\n\n

University of Pittsburgh, Information Technology Standards<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n

Selected Academic Research<\/h2>\n\n

Listed below are selected academic research papers and publications reflecting expert analysis and opinion on codes and standards.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Atlan, Michael and Gali Glazer, “State Enforcement and Voluntary Codes in Social Responsibility Areas: Integrated Tools for the Strengthening of Enforcement,” Jerusalem Papers in Regulation and Governance Paper No. 10 (2010)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Baram, Michael and Corinne Bieder, “Standardization and Risk Regulation for High-Hazard Industries,” in Herv\u00e9 Laroche, Corinne Bieder, and Jes\u00fas Villena-L\u00f3pez, eds., Managing Future Challenges for Safety: Demographic Change, Digitalisation and Complexity in the 2030s<\/em> (2022).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Baron, Justus, Jorge L. Contreras, Martin Husovec, Pierre Larouche and Nikolaus Thumm, \u201cMaking the Rules: The Governance of Standard Development Organizations and their Policies on Intellectual Property Rights,\u201d JRC Science for Policy Report, EUR 29655 EN<\/em>\u00a0(2019).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Besen, Stanley M., “Looking for FRAND: Patent Owners, Standard-Setting Organizations, and the Courts,” Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property<\/em> 25: 213-256 (2023).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Bremer, Emily, \u201cAmerican and European Perspectives on Private Standards in Public Law,\u201d Tulane Law Review<\/em> 91: 325-370 (2016).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Bremer, Emily, \u201cIncorporation by Reference in an Open-Government Age,\u201d\u00a0Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy<\/em>\u00a036: 131-210 (2012).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Bremer, Emily, \u201cOn the Cost of Private Standards in Public Law,\u201d\u00a0University of Kansas Law Review<\/em>\u00a063: 279-333 (2015).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

B\u00fcthe, Tim, \u201cPrivate Regulation in the Global Economy: A (P)review. Business and Politics,\u201d\u00a0Business and Politics<\/em>\u00a012: 1-38 (2010).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

B\u00fcthe, Tim and Walter Mattli, The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy<\/em>, Princeton: Princeton University Press (2011).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Camp, L. Jean and Charles Vincent, \u201cSetting Standards: Looking to the Internet for Models of Governance\u201d (2004).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Carrier, Michael A. \u201cWhy Antitrust Should Defer to the Intellectual Property Rules of Standard-Setting Organizations: A Commentary on Teece & Sherry,\u201d\u00a0Minnesota Law Review\u00a0<\/em>87: 2019-2036 (2003)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Cheit, Ross,\u00a0Setting Safety Standards: Regulation in the Public and Private Sectors<\/em>, Berkeley: University of California Press (1990).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Clark, Havighurst, \u201cForeword: The Place of Private Accrediting Among the Instruments of Government,\u201d\u00a0Law and Contemporary Problems<\/em>\u00a057: 1-14\u00a0<\/em>(1994).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Colendeich, Katie M., \u201cWho Owns \u2018The Law\u2019? The Effect on Copyrights When Privately-Authored Works Are Adopted or Enacted by Reference into Law,\u201d\u00a0Washington Law Review\u00a0<\/em>78: 589-624 (2003).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Coglianese, Cary, “Engaging Business in the Regulation of Nanotechnology,” in Christopher J. Bosso, ed., Governing Uncertainty: Environmental Regulation in the Age of Nanotechnology<\/em> (2010).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Coglianese, Cary, “Environmental Soft Law as a Governance Strategy,” Jurimetrics<\/em> 61: 19-52 (2020).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Coglianese, Cary and Jennifer Nash, eds., Leveraging the Private Sector: Management-Based Strategies for Improving Environmental Performance<\/em> (2010).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Coglianese, Cary and Jennifer Nash, “Motivating Without Mandates: The Role of Voluntary Programs in Environmental Governance,” in LeRoy C. Paddock, Robert L. Glicksman, and Nicholas S. Bryner, eds., Decision Making in Environmental Law<\/em> (2016).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Coglianese, Cary and Jennifer Nash, eds., Regulating from the Inside: Can Environmental Management Systems Achieve Policy Goals<\/em> (2001).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Contreras, Jorge, \u201cAggregated Royalties for Top-Down FRAND Determinations: Revising \u2018Joint Negotiation\u2019,\u201d\u00a0Antitrust Bulletin\u00a0<\/em>62: 690-709 (2017).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Contreras, Jorge,\u00a0Standards Development Patent Policy Manual<\/em>, Chicago: ABA Book Publishing (2007).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Contreras, Jorge, \u201cPatents, Technical Standards and Standard-Setting Organizations: A Survey of the Empirical, Legal and Economics Literatures,\u201d in Peter S. Menell and David Schwartz, eds.,\u00a0Research Handbook on the Economics of Property Law Vol. II \u2013 Analytical Methods<\/em>\u00a0(2017).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Curran, Patrick D., \u201cStandard-Setting Organizations: Patents, Price Fixing, and Per Se Legality,\u201d\u00a0University of Chicago Law Review\u00a0<\/em>70: 983-1009 (2003).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Cunningham, Lawrence A., \u201cPrivate Standards in Public Law: Copyright Lawmaking and the Case of Accounting,\u201d\u00a0Michigan Law Review\u00a0<\/em>104: 291-344 (2005).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

de Cock Buning, Madeleine and Linda Senden, eds., Private Regulation and Enforcement in the EU: Finding the Right Balance from a Citizen\u2019s Perspective<\/em> (2020).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

de Vries, Henk,\u00a0Standardization: A Business Approach to the Role of National Standardization Organizations<\/em>, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers (1999).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Du, Michael M., “The Regulation of Private Standards in the World Trade Organization,” Food and Drug Law Journal<\/em> 73: 432-464 (2018).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Eberlein, Burkard, Kenneth W. Abbott, Julia Black, Errol Meidinger and Stephan Wood, \u201cTransnational Business Governance Interactions: Conceptualization and Framework for Analysis,\u201d\u00a0Regulation & Governance<\/em>\u00a08: 1-21 (2014).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Edgar, Andrew and Kevin M. Stack, “Parallel Incorporation and Public Law,” International Journal of Constitutional Law<\/em> 21: 734-769 (2023).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Egan, Michelle, Constructing a European Market: Standards, Regulation, and Governance<\/em>, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2001).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Egan, Michelle and Jacques Pelkmans, “TTIP’s Hard Core: Technical Barriers to Trade and Standards,” Paper No. 13 in the CEPS-CTR Project ‘TTIP in the Balance’ and CEPS Special Report No. 117 \/ August 2015<\/em> (2015).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Gifford, Daniel J., \u201cDeveloping Models for a Coherent Treatment of Standard-Setting Issues Under the Patent, Copyright, and Antitrust Laws,\u201d\u00a0Idea\u00a0<\/em>43: 331-394 (2003).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Gutierrez, Carlos Ignacio, Gary Marchant, and Lucille Tournas, “Lessons for Artificial Intelligence from Historical Uses of Soft Law Governance,” Jurimetrics<\/em> 61: 133-149.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Hamilton, Robert W., \u201cThe Role of Nongovernmental Standards in the Development of Mandatory Federal Standards Affecting Safety or Health,\u201d\u00a0Texas Law\u00a0Review\u00a0<\/em>56: 1329-1446 (1978).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Hawkins, Richard, Knut Blind, and Robert Page, eds., Handbook of Innovation and Standards<\/em> (2017).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Havinga, Tetty, “Private Regulation of Food Safety by Supermarkets,” Law and Policy<\/em> 28: 515-533 (2006).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Hirsch, Dennis D., “Going Dutch? Collaborative Dutch Privacy Regulation and the Lessons It Holds for U.S. Privacy Law,” Michigan State Law Review<\/em> 2013: 83-166 (2013). <\/a><\/p>\n\n

Jakobs, Kai, Effective Standardization Management in Corporate Settings,<\/em>\u00a0Hershey: IGI Global (2016).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Jakobs, Kai, International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research<\/em>, Hershey: IGI Global (2011).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Jakobsen, Kraig A., \u201cRevisiting Standards-Setting Organizations\u2019 Patent Policies,\u201d Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property<\/em> 3: 43-60 (2004).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Ju, Jinyul, \u201cRecent Developments in Korean Antitrust Cases Concerning FRAND-Encumbered Standard-Essential Patents,\u201d\u00a0Jindal Global Law Review\u00a0<\/em>8: 221 (2017).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Judge-Lord, Devin, Constance L. McDermott, and Benjamin Cashore, “Do Private Regulations Ratchet Up? How to Distinguish Types of Regulatory Stringency and Patterns of Change,” Organization & Environment<\/em> 33: 96-125 (2020).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Kanevskaia, Olia, The Law and Practice of Global ICT Standardization<\/em>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Krislov, Samuel,\u00a0How Nations Choose Product Standards and Standards Change Nations<\/em>, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press (1997).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lawrence, Busch,\u00a0Standards: Recipes for Reality<\/em>, Cambridge: MIT Press (2011).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lee, Karen,\u00a0The Legitimacy and Responsiveness of Industry Rule-Making,<\/em>\u00a0Oxford: Hart Publishing (2018).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lemley, Mark A., \u201cIntellectual Property Rights and Standard-Setting Organizations,\u201d\u00a0California Law\u00a0Review\u00a0<\/em>90: 1889-1980 (2002).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lemley, Mark A. and Carl Shapiro, \u201cPatent Holdup and Royalty Stacking,\u201d\u00a0Texas Law Review\u00a0<\/em>85: 1991-2049 (2007).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lemley, Mark A., \u201cTen Things To Do About Patent Holdup of Standards (and One Not To),\u201d\u00a0Boston College Law Review\u00a0<\/em>48: 149-168 (2007)<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Liu, Pascal, “Private Standards in International Trade: Issues and Opportunities,” Paper Presented at the World Trade Organization’s Workshop on Environment-Related Private Standards (2009).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lloyd, Richard, \u201cKey Ruling in High-Profile US FRAND Case \u2018Highly Biased in Favor of Infringers\u2019, Says Ericsson\u2019s Chief IP Officer,\u201d IAM media (2018).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Loconto, Allison and Lawrence Busch, \u201cStandards, Techno-economic Networks, and Playing Fields: Performing the Global Market Economy,\u201d\u00a0Review of International Political Economy<\/em>\u00a017: 507-536 (2010).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Loconto, Allison and Eve Fouilleux, \u201cPolitics of Private Regulation: ISEAL and the Shaping of Transnational Sustainability Governance,\u201d\u00a0Regulation & Governance<\/em>\u00a08: 166-185 (2014).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lytton, Timothy D., “Competitive Third-Party Regulation: How Private Certification Can Overcome Constraints That Frustrate Government Regulation,” Theoretical Inquiries in Law<\/em> 15: 539-571 (2014).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lytton, Timothy D., Kosher: Private Regulation in the Age of Industrial Food<\/em>, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (2013).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lytton, Timothy D., “Technical Standards in Health & Safety Regulation: Risk Regimes, the New Administrative Law, and Food Safety Governance,” in Jorge L. Contreras, ed., Cambridge Handbook of Technical Standardization Law, Vol. 2: Administrative Law, Copyright, Trademark, and International Law<\/em> (2019).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Mattli, Walter and Ngaire Woods,\u00a0The Politics of Global Regulation<\/em>, Princeton: Princeton University Press (2009).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Marchant, Gary E., “Swords and Shields: Impact of Private Standards in Technology-Based Liability” (2022).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Marchant, Gary E., Douglas J. Sylvester, and Kenneth W. Abbott, “A New Soft Law Approach to Nanotechnology Oversight: A Voluntary Product Certification Scheme,” UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy<\/em> 28: 123-152 (2010).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Marchant, Gary, Lucille Tournas, and Carlos Ignacio Gutierrez, “Governing Emerging Technologies Through Soft Law: Lessons for Artificial Intelligence,” Jurimetrics<\/em> 61: 1-18 (2020).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Marx, Axel, Miet Maertens, Johan Swinnen, and Jan Wouters, eds., Private Standards and Global Governance: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives<\/em> (2012).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

McAllister, Lesley K., Harnessing Private Regulation,\u00a0Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law<\/em>\u00a03: 291-419 (2014).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

McCormick, Amanda, “Standards in Law,” in Chelsea Leachman, Erin W. Rowley, Margaret Phillips, and Daniela Solomon, eds., Teaching and Collecting Technical Standards: A Handbook for Librarians and Educators<\/em> (2023).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Melamed, A. Douglas and Carl Shapiro, \u201cHow Antitrust Law Can Make FRAND Commitments More Effective,\u201d Yale Law Journal<\/em> 7: 2110-2141 (2017).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Meidinger, Errol, \u201cForest Certification as a Global Civil Society Regulatory Institution,\u201d\u00a0Social and Political Dimensions of Forest Certification<\/em>, 265-289 (2009).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Moore, Kimberly A., \u201cWorthless Patents,\u201d\u00a0Berkeley Technology Law Journal\u00a0<\/em>20: 1521-1552 (2005).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Mueller, Janice M., \u201cPatenting Industry Standards,\u201d\u00a0The\u00a0John<\/em>\u00a0Marshall Law Review <\/em>34: 897-946 (2001).<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n

Nadvi, Khalid, Global Standards, Global Governance and the Organization of Global Value Chains,\u201d\u00a0Journal of Economic Geography<\/em>\u00a08: 323-343 (2008).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Olsen, Odd Einar, Kirsten Juhl, Preben H. Lind\u00f8e, and Ole Andreas Engen, eds., Standardization and Risk Governance: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach<\/em> (2020).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

O\u2019Rourke, Dara, \u201cOutsourcing regulation: Analyzing Nongovernmental Systems of Labor Standards and Monitoring,\u201d\u00a0Policy Studies Journal<\/em>\u00a031:1-29 (2003).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Overdevest, Christine, \u201cCodes of Conduct and Standard Setting in the Forest Sector: Constructing Markets for Democracy?\u201d\u00a0Relations Industrielles\/Industrial Relations<\/em>, 59: 172-197 (2004).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Potoski, Matthew and Aseem Prakash, \u201cGreen Clubs and Voluntary Governance: ISO 14001 and Firms\u2019 Regulatory Compliance,\u201d\u00a0American Journal of Political Science<\/em>, 49: 235-248 (2005).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Prakash, Aseem and Matthew Potoski, The Voluntary Environmentalists: Green Clubs, ISO 14001, and Voluntary Environmental Organizations<\/em>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Samuelson, Pamela, \u201cQuestioning Copyrights in Standards,\u201d\u00a0Boston College Law Review<\/em>\u00a048: 193-224 (2007).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Schneiderman, Ron,\u00a0Modern Standardization: Case Studies at the Crossroads of Technology, Economics, and Politics<\/em>, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons (2015).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Senden, L.A.J., “Soft Law, Self-Regulation and Co-Regulation in European Law: Where Do They Meet?,” Electronic Journal of Comparative Law<\/em>, 9 (2005).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Spivak, Steven and F. Cecil Brenner,\u00a0Standardization Essentials: Principles and Practice<\/em>, New York: Marcel Dekker (2001).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Starobin, Shana and Erika Weinthal, \u201cThe Search for Credible Information in Social and Environmental Global Governance: The Kosher Label,\u201d\u00a0Business and Politics<\/em>, 12: 1-35 (2010).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Tassey, Gregory, \u201cThe Roles and Impacts of Technical Standards on Economic Growth and Implications for Innovation Policy,\u201d\u00a0Annals of Science and Technology Policy<\/em>\u00a01: 215-316 (2017).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Vandemoortele, Thijs and Koen Deconinck, “When Are Private Standards More Stringent Than Public Standards?,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics<\/em> 96: 154-171 (2014).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Vogel, David, \u201cPrivate Global Business Regulation,\u201d\u00a0Annual Review of Political Science<\/em>\u00a011: 261-282 (2008).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Vogel, David, \u201cThe Private Regulation of Global Corporate Conduct. Achievements and Limitations,\u201d Business and Society<\/em> 49: 68-87 (2010).<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Webb, Kernaghan, ed. Voluntary Codes: Private Governance, the Public Interest and Innovation<\/em> (2004)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

General Background Materials on Codes and Standards If you are interested in learning more about voluntary codes and standards, the following materials and websites provide additional background information. Compilation of standards from U.S. and international standards developers (ANSI) Directory of standards developing organizations (ANSI) Historical perspective of codes and standards (NFPA) How a standard gets […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pennreg.org\/codes-standards\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}